Storytelling Improv Games to Improve Actor Skills

Narrating Improv Games to Improve Actor Skills Most auditorium games are comedy based. Theyre planned to offer on-screen characters a chance to extend and extend their aptitudes in a generally safe, no-stress, collegial circumstance. Toward the finish of a meeting, in any case, on-screen characters will have improved their capacity to envision themselves in new circumstances and react suitably. Some improvisational practices center around an entertainers capacity recount stories spur of the moment. These exercises are regularly fixed performance center games, which means the on-screen characters are not required to move about definitely. In view of this, aâ narrating comedy game probably won't be as engaging as other all the more genuinely unique games yet isâ still a brilliant method to hone ones creative mind. Here are a couple of simple to-perform narrating comedy games, every one perfect for a class action or a warm-up practice at practice: Story-story Known by numerous different names, Story-story is a hover game for all ages. Numerous ​grade teachers utilize this as an in-class movement, however it tends to be similarly as a good time for grown-up entertainers. The gathering of entertainers sits or remains around. A mediator remains in the center and gives a setting to the story. She at that point focuses to an individual in the circle and he starts recounting to a story. After the main narrator has depicted the start of the story, the mediator focuses to someone else. The story forges ahead; the new individual gets from the final word and attempts to proceed with the account. Each entertainer ought to get a few goes to add to the story. Typically the arbitrator recommends when the story arrives at a resolution; in any case, further developed entertainers will have the option to finish up their story all alone. Best/Worst In this comedy action, one individual makes a moment monolog, recounting to an anecdote about an encounter (either dependent on reality or dependent on unadulterated creative mind). The individual starts the story in a positive manner, concentrating on marvelous occasions and conditions. At that point, somebody rings a bell. When the chime sound, the narrator proceeds with the story, yet now just negative things happen in the plot. Each time the ringer ring, the narrator moves the account to and fro, from the best occasions to the most noticeably awful occasions. As the story advances, the chime should ring all the more rapidly. (Make that narrator work for it!) Things From a Hat There are numerous comedy games which include slips of papers with arbitrary words, expressions or statements composed on them. As a rule, these expressions have been developed by crowd individuals. Things from a Hat is one of these kinds of games. Crowd individuals (or the arbitrators) compose things on a piece of paper. Formal people, places or things are adequate. Truth be told, the outsider the thing, the all the more engaging this comedy will be. When the entirety of the things have been gathered into a cap (or some other compartment), a scene starts between two comedy entertainers. About like clockwork or somewhere in the vicinity, as they build up their storyline, the entertainers will arrive at a point in their exchange when they are going to state a significant thing. That is the point at which they venture into the cap and get a thing. The word is then joined into the scene, and the outcomes can be magnificently senseless. For instance: BILL: I went to the joblessness office today. They extended to me an employment opportunity as a... (peruses thing from the cap) penguin.SALLY: Well, that doesnt sound excessively encouraging. Does it pay well?BILL: Two cans of sardines a week.SALLY: Maybe you could work for my uncle. He possesses a... (peruses things from the cap) footprint.BILL: How would you be able to maintain a business with a footprint?SALLY: Its a Sasquatch impression. Gracious better believe it, its been a vacation spot for quite a long time. Things from a Hat can include more entertainers, as long as there are sufficient pieces of paper. Or on the other hand, in a similar way as Best/Worst, it very well may be conveyed as an improvisational monolog.

Criminal Justice Trends Paper

For as far back as 50 years, America’s criminal equity framework has experienced a few noteworthy changes managing courts and policing. As per Marion and Oliver (2006), the recorded Supreme Court decisions like Mapp v. Ohio and Miranda v. Arizona shape the manner in which courts and law authorization handle people accused of perpetrating violations. This paper will examine the advancement of courts and law requirement mirrors the differing and changing requirement for today’s populace which is first significance, the desperation for participation and correspondence among criminal equity organizations and law authorization inside the country.Individuals must know the significance for courts and police to team up intently together for the objective of guaranteeing all laws are applied reasonable and similarly, ensure people in general, and forestall wrongdoings for all people. Police History Before the thirteenth century the essential capacity of equity during this centur y was seeking retribution in different pieces of the world around the same time made endeavors to build up peace in nations, for example, Greece, Rome, and Egypt (NCWC, 2004). From 1066-1285 the Frankpledge of this time was the main arrangement of equity in the English-talking world (NCWC, 2004).The Frankpledge framework passed by another name also its name was the tithing framework, which was equivalent to tithing in chapel. This framework was to take 10% of family unit income each Sunday, and a network of 10 separate families had the commitment to control its own peace. In the event that any man knew about a wrongdoing it was his commitment to partake in things and participating in the hunt of the culprit (NCWC, 2004). In time the tithing framework world develop into another framework and its name was known as the area constable-watch framework (NCWC, 2004).The new framework had an alternate strategy; the network would delegate one individual of the tithing framework to serve for one-year as the constable. One obligation of the constable was to utilize other men in the network to perform obligations around evening time; the name of this position was guard (NCWC, 2004). These gatekeepers needed to work in provincial areas, which made up 10 things that were otherwise called one or 100ths would make up the shire (NCWC, 2004). Every shire network would designate what was known as a shire-reeve or sheriff. In England around 1326 judges of the harmony turned into the new title to supplant the name shire-reeve (NCWC, 2004).One reception of the American states was discount English policing and the resurrection of the sheriff’s position. A large number of the early police divisions had just two positions day and night work force, and in 1845 numerous urban communities in American police offices were controlled by police boss (NCWC, 2004). Duplicating a considerable lot of England’s changes and advancements were arrangements the Americans would adjust fo r its own utilization. Of the numerous adjustments, the one to see most (NCWC, 2004) is the Bowe Street Runner or known as the making of the analyst position in 1748 (NCWC, 2004).In 1829 Sir Robert Peel of England composed the primary arrangement of policing standards for the Metropolitan police division of London England. One standard was to turn out to be progressively proactive rather than receptive this brought forth the watch official a rule American police would receive (NCWC, 2004). Law authorization has had numerous preliminary and blunders (NCWC, 2004) in creating wrongdoing avoidance programs. The best framework to date is the formation of network policing, which started during the 1990s. The History of CourtsIn 1781 America turned into a country with George Washington crushing Lord Cornwallis in Yorktown. One change managing frontier times, the United States courts has built up their own particular manner to manage social soul and requirements from the new country. As ind icated by Currie (1992), the Sixth Amendment ensures an open and fast preliminary and educates all accuses of a jury preliminary. From the beginning of time residents were called to settle debates, today’s juries are viewed as the cross breeds of European, Roman, Greek, and Egyptian jury practices.The jury framework in America is likewise impact by the English jury framework. Another of America’s protected right is fair treatment which is the essential for reasonableness that is significant in the legal framework which permits our framework to work with respect and trustworthiness. As per Currie (1992), the components of fair treatment include the United States Constitution; Amendments V, and XIV and in 1970 Illinois State Constitution received a few rights for fair treatment. For as far back as seven and half hundreds of years fair treatment was the strategic men constant to make equity in the government.The administrative courts for a considerable length of time util ized a technique for suspended condemning as a type of probation which in 1916; the Supreme Court controlled this was unlawful. President Coolidge in 1925 marked the Probation Act that gives the court’s authorization to toss out inconvenience condemning and give the respondent probation. The Speedy Trial Act was authorized by congress in1974 at the point the United States Courts began the office of Pretrial Service. The strategic this was to diminish wrongdoing by permitting people to be discharge into the network anticipating preliminary to diminish pretrial punishment.In 1982 the Pretrial Services Act was marked by President Reagan. The stretching out utilization of Pretrial Services to every single government court began a particular achievement that we currently know as Pretrial Service and Federal Probation framework. Starting today, officials are associated with the criminal strategy one the individual is captured until the individual completion network guidelines. Inve stigation of Courts and Policing Past and Present Law authorization has experienced numerous difficulties and changes since its origin in the thirteenth century.In the previous 50 years to the current law implementation has developed from only a couple of law requirement offices to numerous upwards of 18, 760 divisions with staff hoarding 940, 275, and a spending plan of $51 billion dollars these organizations share (NCWC, 2004). This is an assortment of information taken in 2000 by various police divisions in the United States (NCWC, 2004). This assortment of information reports that the Justice and Treasury divisions has 60 government police offices, parkway watch has 26 offices, 23 state police offices, and Hawaii is the main state without a police office, however has an open security office (NCWC, 2004).In expansion 35 states have different organizations with extraordinary analytical forces, which have its cutoff points (NCWC, 2004). All through the United States (NCWC, 2004) Sh eriff offices have well more than 3, 000 office, and regions with well more than 15, 000 police divisions. The United States is the main nation with numerous law requirement offices, and nobody organization works or has a similar sort of departmental structure (NCWC, 2004). A great part of things to come of policing relies to a great extent upon the training of its personnel.The instruction of newcomers is fundamental for the manner in which police will perform. Improving human relations and building up a solid feeling of new innovation is of preeminent significance for policing later on to turn into a triumph. Contemporary Opportunity Analysis With more than 18,000 contemporary Law Enforcement offices today assigned more titles, jobs, and duties among its work force contingent upon the purview essentially nearby and state police operated.Law enforcement’s keeps up a main job in controlling wrongdoing yet polished skill and guaranteeing fair treatment for each individual blam ed for a wrongdoing paying little heed to socioeconomics however in today’s criminal equity framework: race, age, sexual orientation, mental status, and jail over-limit are factors influencing approach making. As (Smith, 1990) broadcasted (â€Å"The most prominent legal weight for police change and professionalization accompanied the disputable choices characterizing criminal respondents' privileges during the Warren time. â€Å").Rehabilitation programs turned into a significant asset and option in contrast to imprisonment in numerous criminal cases which agree with network policing. In correlation, law implementation and the courts have the chance to make changes to strategies; both are approach creators inside the framework with a lot of rules for settling on choices in which is typically the focal point of a solitary issue (Marlon and Oliver, 2006). The new laws put in to put by the high court’s influences all players including police examinations through courts and parole in the criminal equity framework since arrangements can be in composed or verbal structure and not all approaches are effective.According to (Yackle, the Court's strategy choices influencing criminal equity are delivered by the votes of the nine judges who select, hear, choose, and issue assessments in cases. With the requests from the open gauging substantial on the backs of the higher courts to change, improve, square, or evacuate ineffectual strategies influences the criminal equity framework as an immediate consequence of clashing issues or maltreatment of intensity by those in power. Openings and Missed Opportunities for CooperationThe courts and the police have an incredible chance to work with respondents in the process from capture to the preliminary if the occurrence goes to preliminary. From the grown-up litigants down to the adolescent respondents and with the court framework down to the criminal equity framework can assume a significant job in the process for the respondents. There are open doors for the two sides to enhance the investigation of the difficult what causes the litigant to do what the individual in question does over and over to wind up in the criminal equity framework, I. e. social standing or condition (Williams, 2013).When it goes to the courts and the police there ought to be clear objectives, goals and needs with regards to the procedure from capture to preliminary and the interchanges between the two sides ought to be clear. There ought to be improved projects and administrations to help the person in question, the victim’s family and the litigant by the police and the courts. The fundamental objective of the courts and the police is communicat

HOW TO Delete Your Twitter Account

HOW TO Delete Your Twitter Account Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now! HOW TO: Delete Your Twitter Account Updated On 08/01/2016 Author : Pradeep Kumar Topic : Twitter Short URL : http://hbb.me/1RcySKI CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlog If you are in a situation or you are under such circumstances of deleting a Twitter account, then the below is the procedure for doing it. But think twice or thrice before deleting your Twitter account. You might lose your trustworthy follower(s). Go to your Twitter Account | Settings and in the Accounts tab. At the bottom page, you will find an option called Delete My Account Or Click Here To Go To That Link ! .IRPP_button , .IRPP_button .postImageUrl , .IRPP_button .centered-text-area { min-height: 86px; position: relative; } .IRPP_button , .IRPP_button:hover , .IRPP_button:visited , .IRPP_button:active { border:0!important; } .IRPP_button { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #3498DB; } .IRPP_button:active , .IRPP_button:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .IRPP_button .postImageUrl { background-position: center; background-size: cover; float: right; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 30%; } .IRPP_button .centered-text-area { float: left; width: 70%; padding:0; margin:0; } .IRPP_button .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: .125em; margin: 0; padding: 0; } .IRPP_button .postTitle { color: #ECF0F1; font-size: 16px; fon t-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .IRPP_button .ctaButton { background: #ECF0F1; color: inherit; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; margin: 18px 14px 18px 14px; moz-border-radius: 3px; padding: 12px 0; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; webkit-border-radius: 3px; width: 80px; position: absolute; } .IRPP_button:hover .ctaButton { background: #e6e6e6; } .IRPP_button .centered-text { display: table; height: 86px; padding:0; margin:0; padding-left: 108px!important; top: 0; } .IRPP_button .IRPP_button-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 10px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .IRPP_button:after { content: "; display: block; clear: both; } READHOW TO: Use Twitter As A Popular Marketing Tool

Summary Of The Prince During The 1500 S - 1622 Words

Nicole Lang Professor Everett English 2322 28 November 2015 Honest Iago A villain is typically characterized as a being who is corrupt, devious, and deceptive. Machiavelli is considered to be all of the above. He and Iago both believe in striving for their goals and having a strong ambition for greatness, which in retrospect, sounds like a good trait to have. However, characters that are true Machiavellian’s believe that the end justifies the mean, making them the worst kind of villain. Nicolà ² Machiavelli was most famous for writing the essay The Prince during the 1500’s, which emphasized the need for stability, rather than fairness. The text was written as a guide to keeping power above all else. As Machiavelli has proved to be both repellent and enticing, the message of his essay has often been misinterpreted. The most common misreading is to suggest that Machiavelli advocates the idea that ‘being evil for the sake of being evil is acceptable’. However, as John Roe has noted, ‘Machiavelli at no point advocates the practice of evil as acceptable in itself – despite what his many detractors then and now have said; he concedes, rather, that evil sometimes has to be used’ (2). It is in this respect that characters such as Hamlet can be viewed as Machiavellian but not truly Machiavellian. Although he is not overtly evil, Hamlet is faced with the task of killing a legitimately elected monarch in order to avenge his father, with no concrete evidence, and only the word of theShow MoreRelatedThe Reform of the Roman Catholic Church in Europe Essay930 Words   |  4 PagesProtestant form of Christianity were established, and continued to gain momentum in the 1500’s mainly due to the overall discontent many Europeans had with the socio-economic and religious dealings of the Roman Catholic Church. This discontent eventually lead to the reform of the Roman Catholic Church in Europe, and religious beliefs and attitudes became divided between northern and southern Europe. This is a summary of the events that lead to this historic change in religious culture that would impactRead MoreAfrican Civilizations And The Spread Of Islam1745 Words   |  7 Pages The Empire of Mali and Sundiata, the â€Å"Lion Prince† City Dwellers and Villagers The Songhay Kingdom Political and Social Life in the Sudanic States Swahili Coast of East Africa The Coastal Trading Ports The Mixture of Cultures Peoples of the Forest and Plains: Artists and Kings; Yoruba and Benin Central African Kingdoms The Kingdoms of Kongo and Mwene Mutapa †¢ 800-1500 C.E. Byzantium and Islamic contact outside ofRead MoreIvan the Terrible Essay956 Words   |  4 Pageswarred for dominance in Russia, but the most powerful were the Shuiskys. They were responsible for the worst of the crimes committed against Ivan. Then suddenly, on December 29, 1543, a thirteen-year-old Ivan ordered the arrest, torture, and death of Prince Andrew Shuisky. Ivan would no longer be ruled by anyone, but it was to late for Ivans mental peace. Just as Ivans boyhood was spilt in two, so would his adulthood. Ivan had already become the corrupted reckless noble that he so hated, he gloriedRead MoreChildrens Literature13219 Words   |  53 Pages500-1500 6 The Renaissance: 1500-1650 7 The Rise of Puritanism and John Locke: Late 1600s 8 3. Beginning of Children’s Literature: Late 1700s 10 4. Fairy and Folk Tales 12 The Golden Age of Children’s Literature: Late 1800s 12 5. Victorian Childrens Literature 16 6. Contemporary Childrens Literature 18 6. Analysis of Harry Potters’ series 21 7. Conclusion 30 8. Summary 31 Children’s Literature Definitions 31 The Ancient World [ancient Rome; 50 BCE to 500 CE] 31 The Middle Ages [500 to 1500 CE]Read MoreInstitution as the Fundamental Cause of Long Tern Growth39832 Words   |  160 PagesHandbook of Economic Growth edited by Philippe Aghion and Steve Durlauf. We thank the editors for their patience and Leopoldo Fergusson, Pablo Querubà ­n and Barry Weingast for their helpful suggestions. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the National Bureau of Economic Research.  ©2004 by Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson, and James Robinson. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission providedRead MoreRethinking Mercantalism Essay15042 Words   |  61 PagesRethinking Mercantilism: Political Economy, the British Empire, and the Atlantic World in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries Author(s): Steve Pincus Reviewed work(s): Source: The William and Mary Quarterly, Vol. 69, No. 1 (January 2012), pp. 3-34 Published by: Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5309/willmaryquar.69.1.0003 . Accessed: 06/09/2012 12:18 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the TermsRead MoreBusiness Environment of Pre-British India13645 Words   |  55 PagesBUSINESS ENVIRONMENT OF PRE-BRITISH INDIA PROJECT BY: BHAVANA BHATIA-7 REUBEN DANTES-9 CRYSTAL D’SOUZA-11 ALISHA PEREIRA-38 TANUSHREE SHARMA-47 GAURAV TALERA-52 Executive Summary It is the past which shapes what we become in the present. Most of what we do and follow today has been decided in the past which is why we have to understand who we were to become who we have to be. India is one of the few civilizations which has been in existence for more than 5000 years. India is a homogenous cultureRead MoreTraditional and Contemporary Issues and Challenges14128 Words   |  57 PagesWorld War by Winston Churchill as a major influence on his approach to leadership. Other books often mentioned by managers for their relevance to today’s business problems include such classics as Plato’s Republic, Homer’s Iliad, and Machiavelli’s The Prince.6 And, in recent years, new business history books are directed more at women managers and the lessons they can learn from the past.7 Managers at Wells Fargo clearly recognize the value of history. For example, the company maintains an extensive archivalRead MoreInformation Technology Project Manageme nt,31215 Words   |  125 Pagesinformation technology project management on their site or a similar site. Write a one-page summary of the report, its key conclusions, and your opinion of the report. Answers will vary. 2. Find someone who works as a project manager or is a member of a project team. Prepare several interview questions, and then ask that person your questions in person, via the phone, or via the Internet. Write a one- to two-page summary of your findings. 3. Search the Internet for the terms project management, projectRead MoreTelstra and Mcdonalds12920 Words   |  52 Pagesas a hamburger restaurant, using production line principles and featuring a simple menu of nine items including the staple 15 cent hamburger, cheeseburger, soft drinks, milk, coffee, potato chips and a slice of pie. In 1954 Ray Kroc, a salesman for Prince Castle Multi-Mixer, visited the restaurant intending to sell the brothers some items. Kroc was fascinated by the operations and learned that the brothers were looking for a franchising agent to expand their restaurant chain nationally. Kroc joined

Maurya Empire First Dynasty to Rule Most of India

The Mauryan Empire (324–185 BCE), based in the Gangetic plains of India and with its capital city at Pataliputra (modern Patna), was one of many small political dynasties of the early historic period whose development included the original growth of urban centers, coinage, writing, and eventually, Buddhism. Under the leadership of Ashoka, the Mauryan Dynasty expanded to include most of the Indian subcontinent, the first empire to do so. Described in some texts as a model of efficient economic management, Mauryas wealth was established in land and sea trade with China and Sumatra to the east, Ceylon to the south, and Persia and the Mediterranean to the west. International trade networks in goods such as silks, textiles, brocades, rugs, perfumes, precious stones, ivory, and gold were exchanged within India on roads tied into the Silk Road, and also through a thriving merchant navy. King List/Chronology There are several sources of information about the Mauryan dynasty, both in India and in the Greek and Roman records of their Mediterranean trading partners. These records agree on the names and reigns of five leaders between 324 and 185 BCE. Chandragupta Maurya 324–300 BCEBindusara 300–272 BCEAsoka 272–233 BCEDasaratha 232–224Brihadratha (assassinated in 185 BCE) Founding The origins of the Mauryan dynasty are somewhat mysterious, leading scholars to suggest that the dynastic founder was likely of a non-royal background. Chandragupta Maurya established the dynasty in the last quarter of the 4th century BCE (circa 324–321 BCE) after Alexander the Great had left Punjab and the northwestern parts of the continent (circa 325 BCE). Alexander himself was only in India between 327–325 BCE, after which he returned to Babylon, leaving several governors in his place. Chandragupta ousted the leader of the small Nanda Dynasty polity ruling the Ganges Valley at the time, whose leader Dhana Nanda was known as Agrammes/Xandrems in Greek classical texts. Then, by 316 BCE, he also had removed most of the Greek governors, expanding the Mauryan realm to the northwest frontier of the continent. Alexanders General Seleucus In 301 BCE, Chandragupta battled Seleucus, Alexanders successor and the Greek governor who controlled the eastern sector of Alexanders territories. A treaty was signed to resolve the dispute, and the Mauryans received Arachosia (Kandahar, Afghanistan), Paraopanisade (Kabul), and Gedrosia (Baluchistan). Seleucus received 500 war elephants in exchange. In 300 BCE, Chandraguptas son Bindusara inherited the kingdom. He is mentioned in Greek accounts as Allitrokhates/Amitrokhates, which likely refers to his epithet amitraghata or slayer of foes. Although Bindusara did not add to the empires real estate, he did maintain friendly and solid trade relationships with the west. Asoka, Beloved of the Gods The most famous and successful of the Mauryan emperors was Bindusaras son Asoka, also spelled Ashoka, and known as Devanampiya Piyadasi (the beloved of the gods and of beautiful looks). He inherited the Mauryan kingdom in 272 BCE. Asoka was considered a brilliant commander who crushed several small revolts and began an expansion project. In a series of terrible battles, he expanded the empire to include most of the Indian subcontinent, although how much control he maintained after the conquering is debated in scholarly circles. In 261 BCE, Asoka conquered Kalinga (present day Odisha), in an act of terrible violence. In an inscription known as the 13th Major Rock Edict (see full translation), Asoka had carved: Beloved-of-the-Gods, King Piyadasi, conquered the Kalingas eight years after his coronation. One hundred and fifty thousand were deported, one hundred thousand were killed and many more died (from other causes). After the Kalingas had been conquered, Beloved-of-the-Gods came to feel a strong inclination towards the Dhamma, a love for the Dhamma and for instruction in Dhamma. Now Beloved-of-the-Gods feels deep remorse for having conquered the Kalingas.   At its height under Asoka, the Mauryan empire included land from Afghanistan in the north to Karnataka in the south, from Kathiawad in the west to northern Bangladesh in the east. Inscriptions Much of what we know of the Mauryans comes from Mediterranean sources: although the Indian sources never mention Alexander the Great, the Greeks and Romans certainly knew of Asoka and wrote of the Mauryan empire. The Romans such as Pliny and Tiberius were particularly unhappy with the huge drain on resources required to pay for Roman imports from and through India. In addition, Asoka left written records, in the form of inscriptions on native bedrock or on movable pillars. They are the earliest inscriptions in South Asia. These inscriptions are found in more than 30 places. Most of them were written in a type of Magadhi, which may have been Ashokas official court language. Others were written in Greek, Aramaic, Kharosthi, and a version of Sanskrit, depending on their location. They include Major Rock Edicts at sites located on the bordering regions of his realm, Pillar Edicts in the Indo-Gangetic valley, and Minor Rock Edicts distributed all over the realm. The subjects of the inscriptions were not region-specific but instead consist of repetitive copies of texts attributed to Asoka. In the eastern Ganges, especially near the India-Nepal border that was the heartland of the Mauryan Empire, and the reported birthplace of the Buddha, highly polished monolithic sandstone cylinders are carved with Asokas scripts. These are relatively rare—only a dozen are known to survive—but some are more than 13 meters (43 feet) tall. Unlike most Persian inscriptions, Asokas are not focused on the aggrandizement of the leader, but rather convey royal activities in support of the then-nascent religion of Buddhism, the religion that Asoka embraced after the disasters at Kalinga. Buddhism and the Mauryan Empire Prior to Asokas conversion, he, like his father and grandfather, was a follower of the Upanishads and philosophical Hinduism, but after experiencing the horrors of Kalinga, Asoka began to support the then fairly esoteric ritual religion of Buddhism, adhering to his own personal dhamma (dharma). Although Asoka himself called it a conversion, some scholars argue that Buddhism at this time was a reform movement within the Hindu religion. Asokas idea of Buddhism included absolute allegiance to the king as well as a cessation of violence and hunting. Asokas subjects were to minimize sin, do meritorious deeds, be kind, liberal, truthful, pure, and grateful. They were to avoid fierceness, cruelty, anger, jealousy, and pride. Do seemly behavior to your parents and teachers, he cajoled from his inscriptions, and be kind to your slaves and servants. Avoid sectarian differences and promote the essence of all religious ideas. (as paraphrased in Chakravarti) In addition to the inscriptions, Asoka convened the Third Buddhist Council  and sponsored the construction of some 84,000 brick and stone stupas honoring the Buddha. He built the Mauryan Maya Devi Temple on the foundations of an earlier Buddhist temple and sent his son and daughter to Sri Lanka to spread the doctrine of dhamma. But Was it a State? Scholars are strongly divided as to how much control Asoka had over the regions he conquered. Often the limits of the Mauryan empire are determined by the locations of his inscriptions. Known political centers of the Mauryan Empire include the capital city of Pataliputra (Patna in Bihar state), and four other regional centers at Tosali (Dhauli, Odisha), Takshasila (Taxila, in Pakistan), Ujjayini (Ujjain, in Madhya Pradesh) and Suvanergiri (Andhra Pradesh). Each of these was ruled by princes of the royal blood. Other regions were said to be maintained by other, non-royal people, including Manemadesa in Madhya Pradesh, and Kathiawad in western India. But Asoka also wrote of known but unconquered regions in south India (Cholas, Pandyas, Satyputras, Keralaputras) and Sri Lanka (Tambapamni). The most telling evidence for some scholars is the rapid disintegration of the empire after Ashokas death. Collapse of the Mauryan Dynasty After 40 years in power, Ashoka died in the invasion by Bactrian Greeks at the end of the 3rd c BCE. Most of the empire disintegrated at that time. His son Dasaratha ruled next, but only briefly, and according to the Sanskrit Puranic texts, there were a number of short-term leaders. The last Maurya ruler, Brihadratha, was killed by his commander-in-chief, who founded a new dynasty, less than 50 years after Ashokas death. Primary Historical Sources Megasthenes, who as the Seleucid envoy to Patna wrote a description of Maurya, the original of which is lost but several pieces are excerpted by the Greeks historians Diodorus Siculus, Strabo, and ArrianThe Arthasastra of Kautilya, which is a compilation treatise on Indian statecraft. One of the authors was Chanakya, or Kautilya, who served as chief minister in Chandraguptas courtAsokas inscriptions on rock surfaces and pillars Fast Facts Name:  Mauryan Empire Dates: 324–185 BCE Location: Gangetic plains of India.  At its largest, the empire stretched from  Afghanistan in the north to Karnataka in the south, and from Kathiawad in the west to northern Bangladesh in the east. Capital: Pataliputra (modern Patna) Estimated population: 181 million   Key locations:  Tosali (Dhauli, Odisha), Takshasila (Taxila, in Pakistan), Ujjayini (Ujjain, in Madhya Pradesh) and Suvanergiri (Andhra Pradesh) Notable leaders: Established by Chandragupta Maurya,  Asoka  (Ashoka, Devanampiya Piyadasi) Economy: Land and sea trade based Legacy: First dynasty to rule over most of India. Helped popularize and expand Buddhism as a major world religion. Sources Chakravarti, Ranabir. Mauryan Empire. The Encyclopedia of Empire. John Wiley Sons, Ltd, 2016. Print.Coningham, Robin A.E., et al. The Earliest Buddhist Shrine: Excavating the Birthplace of the Buddha, Lumbini (Nepal). Antiquity 87.338 (2013): 1104–23. Print.Dehejia, Rajeev H., and Vivek H. Dehejia. Religion and Economic Activity in India: An Historical Perspective. The American Journal of Economics and Sociology 52.2 (1993): 145–53. Print.Dhammika, Shravasti. The Edicts of King Asoka: An English Rendering. The Wheel Publication 386/387. Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society, 1993. Web accessed 3/6/2018.King, Robert D. The Poisonous Potency of Script: Hindi and Urdu. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2001.150 (2001): 43. Print.Magee, Peter. Revisiting Indian Rouletted Ware and the Impact of Indian Ocean Trade in Early Historic South Asia. Antiquity 84.326 (2010): 1043-54. Print.McKenzie-Clark, Jaye. Distinguishing between Rouletting and Chatter ing on Ancient Mediterranean Pottery. American Journal of Archaeology 119.1 (2015): 137–43. Print.Smith, Monica L. Networks, Territories, and the Cartography of Ancient States. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 95.4 (2005): 832–49. Print.Smith, Monica L., et al. Finding History: The Locational Geography of Ashokan Inscriptions in the Indian Subcontinent. Antiquity 90.350 (2016): 376–92. Print.

Manners in Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen - 3437 Words

Pride and Prejudice Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice not only established her historical importance among scholars and critics, but continues to remain popular. Pride and Prejudice, a comedy of manners, was published in 1813, and is a staple of the English literature. It recreates the social world of the landed gentry of early 19th-century England and embodies the theme that preconceptions and egotism can overcome true love. Pride and Prejudice is somewhat autobiographical; emphasizes the key elements of setting, characterization and theme; and has received extensive and thorough criticism. Pride and Prejudice focuses on Mrs. Bennet and her five daughters: Jane, Elizabeth, Lydia, Kitty, and Mary. Mrs. Bennet, determined that each of her†¦show more content†¦In a transition to a more realistic and mature style of writing, Austen began to work on her first novel, Elinor and Marianne, later retitled Sense and Sensibility, in 1795, published in 1811. In 1797, she wrote the first draft of her secon d novel, First Impressions, later retitled Pride and Prejudice and published in 1813. Mansfield Park soon followed, published in 1814, and then Emma, published in 1815. Northanger Abbey and Persuasion were both published posthumously in1818. All of her novels were published anonymously and her identity was only revealed in the obituary that announced her death (Telgen). Although Pride and Prejudice was published during a time when there were no literary awards, such as the Pulitzer, Austen’s novel has been adapted into films, web series, and T.V. programs. The first movie that was created was an adaptation of Pride and Prejudice in 1940. Another film adaptation was made in 2005, following BBC’s creation of a spinoff T.V. series in 1995. A few other of Austen’s novels including Sense and Sensibility, and Emma, have also been adapted into T.V. series (Wenz). Spinoff novels and sequels have also been created. Pride and Prejudice and Zombies, a spin-off, and Darcyà ¢â‚¬â„¢s Story, a re-telling of Pride and Prejudice in Darcy’s point of view, areShow MoreRelated Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice: Novel and Movie Essay652 Words   |  3 PagesJane Austens Pride and Prejudice: Novel and Movie Pride and Prejudice, the novel by Jane Austen, and Sense and Sensibility, the movie based on the novel by Austen, share many striking similarities. These similarities lie in the characters, plots and subplots between these characters, the settings, and the overall style and themes used in creating the two works. Jane Austen uses extremely similar characters in almost the exact same situation in Pride and Prejudice and Sense and SensibilityRead MoreJane Austen s Life And Prejudice1430 Words   |  6 PagesJane Austen was born on December 16, 1775 in Steventon, Hampshire, England. She was the seventh child and second daughter of Cassandra and George Austen. Jane Austen s life was one of the most transformative eras in British history. The American Revolution, The French Revolution, family and societal views caused Jane Austen s life to be influenced in several ways. Jane Austen was a conservative female who spent most of her time writing novels that reflected her views on love, war, reputation, andRead MorePride And Prejudice And Jane Eyre1681 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: Jane Austen and Charlotte Bronte explore social class in a number of different ways throughout their novels Pride and the Prejudice and Jane Eyre. They do this through the use of stylistic devices which in turn appeals to their different audiences. Both Jane and Charlotte are notable writers for their remarkable texts. Jane Austen is known for playing a revolutionary role in the generation of English female literature, which was counteracted by this piece- and Charlotte Bronte alsoRead MorePride and Prejudice: Exploring the Chasm Between Love and Marriage in Georgian England1675 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Pride and Prejudice†, is a novel which explores the huge chasm between love and marriage in Georgian England. Jane Austen’s presentation of passion and matrimony reiterates the fact that marriage is a â€Å"business arrangement†. Austen uses irony to make fun of polite society in this satire and Austen also emphasizes the point that social hierarchy dictates wh om you can marry. The pressures of men and women in Georgian England are revealed through her exploration of the aristocracy’s prejudice againstRead MoreJane Austen s Death On The Nile Essay1267 Words   |  6 Pagesand perspectives around the case. Pride and Prejudice, written by Jane Austen in 1813, tells the story of Elizabeth Bennet, and her relationships between her family and families beyond her class and the issues that arise between the different class statuses. Agatha Christie and Jane Austen have similar perspectives on the values that the upper class hold dear, such as gender roles, importance of social status and reasons for marriage. Agatha Christie and Jane Austen both reveal the expectations forRead More Essay on the Deeper Meaning of Pride and Prejudice1578 Words   |  7 PagesThe Deeper Meaning of Pride and Prejudice       While Pride And Prejudice is demonstrably concerned with the subject of love, from Lydias physical passion for Wickham, through Janes slightly too patient and undemanding feelings for Bingley, to Elizabeths final perfect match with Darcy, it would be doing the novel and its author a great injustice to assume that it is merely a love story, and has no other purpose or design. The scope of the novel is indeed much wider than a serious interestRead More Essay on the Irony of Pride in Pride and Prejudice1262 Words   |  6 Pagesof Pride in Pride and Prejudice      Ã‚  Ã‚   Jane Austen uses the elements of both pride and prejudice to develop the satire in her novel. Austen presents pride as both a vice and a virtue. Austen first introduces pride as a vice of arrogance and prejudice, but as the characters in the novel develop so does the concept of pride. Towards the end of the novel pride becomes the vehicle for many of the noble actions taken by the main characters. Austen skillfully interweaves the two parts of pride, theRead More Essay on the Metamorphosis in Pride and Prejudice1235 Words   |  5 PagesMetamorphosis in Pride and Prejudice   Ã‚   As the story develops in Jane Austens novel, Pride and Prejudice, the reader is witness to a shift in attitude between the principle characters. The chapter in which Elizabeth Bennetts reactions to Mr. Darcys letter are explored provides valuable insights into this metamorphosis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first description of Elizabeths state upon perusing Fitzwilliam Darcys revelatory missive is characteristic of Austen when relating heavy emotion:Read MorePride And Prejudice : Sexist Stereotypes Of Women1132 Words   |  5 PagesPride and Prejudice Reinforces Sexist Stereotypes of Women â€Å"Pride and Prejudice†, a novel written by Jane Austen represents eighteenth century English women as illogical, domestic individuals who economically depend on male members in their household. Major decisions in their life are decided by their fathers and brothers. They perform subordinate roles, and are considered inferior to men. This novel reinforces the sexist stereotypes of women.The female characters in the novel possess these virtuesRead MorePride and Prejudice - Analytical Essay1023 Words   |  5 PagesAnalytical Essay: Pride Prejudice The progress between Elizabeth’s and Darcy’s relationship, in Jane Austen’s novel Pride and Prejudice (1813) illustrates and explores several the key themes in the novel. Their relationship highlights class expectations, pride and prejudice, and marriage, and how they play a major role in determining the course of their association. These are outlined through their first prejudiced dislike of each other when they first meet, the stronger feelings for Elizabeth

Important Role of Operations Management in Toyota

Question: Identify which of these activities contribute more strongly to the creation of customer value. Further, you should discuss which aspects of the companys operations may raise ethical or environmental concerns? Answer: 1. Introduction The success of Toyota Motor Company is significantly reliant upon the unique operations management system which emphasizes on the Just in Time inventory management and continuous improvement (Greasley, 2008). It has been found that a decentralized structure has been developed by Toyota which has been encouraging employee participation and team work. Toyota Motor Company has integrated several operational techniques such as JIT inventory management, efficient supply chain management for producing high quality cars for gaining significant competitive advantages in the intensely competitive global automobile market. Various research studies have been conducted for studying the lean manufacturing philosophy and organizational success (Gaither and Frazier, 2002). The manufacturing unit of the organization has been focusing on high productivity. Toyota has adopted a unique approach for solving critical issues as well as training its employees. The lean manufacturing philosophy of Toyota has been focusing on cost reduction through waste minimization (Heizer and Render, 2001). The company is managing quality through continuous improvement and this particular aspect will be discussed in this paper. The major objective of this paper is to provide an insight to the operation management techniques adopted by Toyota for enhancing efficiency. 2. Important role of Operations Management in Toyota Operations management in Toyota helps in scrutinizing the quality of products. The major aim of the operation management department in Toyota is to ensure efficient business operations. Operation management is also responsible for managing resources as well as distribution of products in an efficient manner. The operation management of Toyota helps in enhancing the manufacturing performance through utilization of various techniques such as leaning manufacturing, just in time and total quality management. Additionally inclusion of six sigma and supply chain management is considered to be notable activities of operation management. In the international market, the company has been continuously encountering high level of pressure for producing improved quality product (Lee and Jo, 2007). Adoption of just in time concept helps in elimination of waste along with reduction of setup costs and storage cost. It helps in controlling the flow of materials along with effective resource utilizati on. Different operational management techniques have been improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the operational functions. 3. Toyota Production System This section will focus on discussion of the production system in Toyota. The practical expression of people of Toyota and its customer oriented philosophy is referred to the Toyota production system. It has been observed that this system is neither rigid nor imposed by the organization (Adler, 2002). It can be referred to the set f principles which have been found to be effective in the daily operational activities if the firm. The production system of Toyota has been studies and adopted by several business organizations (Lander and Liker, 2007). The major objectives of Toyota production system is presented below: Offer best quality vehicles to the customer at the lowest possible cost. Provide job satisfaction as well as job security to the members and ensure fair treatment to all members (Toyota Australia, 2015). Toyota Production System aims to offer high level flexibility so that the company can easily respond to the market change as well as achieve profit by undertaking cost reduction activities which will ensure long term prosperity (Jayaram, Das and Nicolae, 2010). Toyota Production System has been focusing on achievement of absolute elimination of waste along with unevenness and overburden for permitting the members to work efficiently as well as smoothly (Kumar and Suresh, 2009). The foundation of the Toyota Production System has been developed on the standardization that focuses on ensuring a safe technique for operation and consistent in terms of quality (Fang and Kleiner, 2003). The employees of Toyota focus on continuous improvement of the standard procedure for ensuring enhanced efficiency, superior quality and minimization of waste (Li, 2013). Problem Solving Framework of Toyota (Jayaram, Das and Nicolae, 2010) 3.1. Lean Manufacturing Lean manufacturing system is found to be very efficient and significantly contributes in the improvement of quality. Thus, the lean manufacturing system helps in achieving competitive advantages in the international automobile market. Lean manufacturing system can be also referred to the post Fodism system of work which is more efficient as well as democratic. One of the major principal of lean production is continuous improvement in the manufacturing procedure. The lean production philosophy significantly emphasizes on the combination of efficiency with the quality of work life. it has been found that the production system in Toyota focuses on elimination of the activities that do not have any contribution in enhancing value of the product (de Bucourt et al., 2011). The concept of lean manufacturing was introduced in Toyota due to the scarcity of resources. Additionally, adoption of the lean manufacturing technique in the production activities of Toyota can be seen as the response to the high level of rivalry in the automobile market. It has been found that the lean philosophy has integrated the just in time production system along with the Kanban method of pull production (Osagie, 2009). Additionally, it has significantly emphasized on the idea of respecting the employees as well as team work. Lean manufacturing is associated with the quality and inventory control, labor management, industrial relations and supply chain management (Chun Wu, 2003). Research studies have demonstrated that lean manufacturing helps in reduction of human effort by 50% along with improvement in financial performance. Lean manufacturing system in Toyota has integrated the concept in logistics which has significant potential for controlling the transportation of materi als, work in progress as well as finished goods at the optimized cost. In order to ensure long term competitiveness Toyota has focused on adoption of the JIT approach. The lean production system has a requirement for rapid flow of the relevant information along the value chain (Society of Manufacturing Engineers, 2001). 3.2. Kaizen Kaizen is considered to be the major characteristics of the Toyota Production System. In Toyota, mass production takes place (Toyota-global.com, 2015). It is evident that the Toyota focuses on undertaking all the tasks by machine or human being by defining those precisely. Additionally, it focuses n standardization of the activities that helps in ensuring superior quality through elimination of waste and improved efficiency (SAKAI and AMASAKA, 2006). The employees of Toyota associated with these procedures are responsible for following the standardized guidelines. Additionally, the responsibility of the members includes focusing on continuous improvement. It has been observed that the issues or inefficiencies in a process will be most apparent to the process. The team leaders and the team members focus on improving their work practices o day to day basis. This procedure is known as Kaizen (Murray, 2012). Moreover, this term has another implication which emphasizes on the continual im provement in each sphere of the organizational activities starting from the basic production procedure to the customer service along with the wider community. 3.3. Jidoka Jidoka is an important concept in the operations management of Toyota. In Japanese, Jidoka means automation. Toyota has interpreted Jidoka as automation with a human touch. According to this principle, the procedure will stop if it senses any problem within the process. Thus, any technical issues in the production process of Toyota can be easily detected and the process can be stopped and therefore resolved (Stevenson, 2005). The concept of automation with human touch in the manufacturing process of Toyota can be clearly recognized in the Altona Plant. It has been found that the presence of andon cord allows the team members to scrutinize as well as bring the manufacturing to stop if any kind of abnormality takes place. The manufacturing process in Toyota has followed the principle of Henry Ford which emphasized on splitting down work into some simple phases as well as delegating those tasks among the employees. in Toyota, the employees are the in charge of their own jobs. The teams are responsible for running worksites in Toyota (Berk and Toy, 2009). The teams help in identification of the opportunities that significantly contribute in making relevant amendments. Additionally, teams do play a major role in taking various initiatives for implementation of the proposed improvement by seeking co-operation from the management. 3.4. Just in Time inventory Management The Japanese automobile company Toyota has ensured success and high growth in the international market through improvement of the efficiency as well as productivity. The idea of integrating Just in Time approach has been evolved from the aim of continuous improvement. Presently, various organizations has accepted the advantages of Just in Time Approach in operations management and integrated it into the business operation. Application of the Just in Time approach was pioneered by Toyota motor company and the term was also coined by the engineers of the company (Amasaka, 2014). The principle concept of Just in Time revolves around the idea that the manufacturing process must be regulated by the natural laws of demand and supply. The production of a vehicle gets stimulated by the demand of the customer. Consequently, the production process of that particular vehicle is responsible for stimulating the process of manufacturing as well as delivery of the necessary parts. In this manner, the company has been able to obtain the right material such as the parts in right quantity and at right time that will be required for manufacturing the vehicle. It has been observed that Toyota has been successful in achieving improved productivity along with efficiency through focusing on continuous improvement. The concept of Just in Time had evolved from the objective of continuous improvement. In Toyota, Just in Time approach has created a flexible atmosphere where all the activities focus on elimination of waste. The major aim of the company is acquired the required amount of material so that it can satisfy the actual demand. The production process of Toyota focuses on the customer. The Just in Time procedure focuses on elimination of inventories through interdependent associations in the operations for creating a strategy for the marketing activities which is customer focused. It has been observed that the Just in Time approach in Toyota helps in linking the suppliers to the shop floor through acquiring the required material from the suppliers. In Toyota, Just in Time approach is responsible for controlling the delivery procedure and managing the necessary quantity for the operation. It has been observed that the Kanban system contributes in creation of the pull for acquiring the required parts in operations and the demand of the customers is responsible for creating the initial pull of the system (Slack, Chambers and Johnston, 2010). Toyota has pioneered the Just in Time production system which is known as the zero inventoy production process. Just in Time is a manufacturing approach which is developed on the basis of three pillars. The elementary principles of Just in Time philosophy in Toyota are continuous improvement of quality, elimination of waste and a cooperative work atmosphere in the company (AMASAKA, 2009). Implementation of the Just in Time approach helped the company in minimizing the need of raw materials, work in progress along with finished goods. This method helps in reducing the time for set up and the deliveries can be coordinated from the suppliers in order to satisfy the need of production activities. It has been observed that one of the major objectives of the Just in Time method is to eliminate waste. In the production process waste refers to anything which does not add value to the procedure and cutting down the step will not affect the mechanism (Yazdani, 1995). Just in Time is the most efficient approach for managing the production operations and Kanban has been used by Toyota as an information exchange tool for different production line (AMASAKA and SAKAI, 2010). In Toyota, JIT has helped in minimizing waste of the production procedure and the defect prevention mechanism helps in enhancing the quality of the products. The organizational culture has ensured that the manufacturing team of the company has significantly focused on prevention of any defects and reduced wastes from the production process which leaded to improved productivity (Amasaka, 2002). JIT is one of the most significant aspects of the total production system of Toyota. For successful implementation of Just in Time approach, Toyota has adopted different practices such as Kanban, recruited multi skilled labors, reduced the time of set up etc. On the other hand, the respect for human system has focused on the physical movement of the employees which will contribute in adding value to the product. Toyota has empowered its employees for handling the quality issues as well as they are responsible for supervising the assembly lines (Saruta, 2006). Just in Time approach in Toyota has helped in maintaining low inventory and ensured enhanced quality though responding promptly to the technological changes. In Toyota JIT can be considered as an overall organizational phenomenon (Amasaka, 2009). 3.5. Six Sigma Lean manufacturing is an important approach implemented in the production procedure of Toyota. In order to manage the operational activities of Toyota, some other strategies have been found to be very effective (Towill, 2010). Six sigma approach of operations management has been applied in case of Toyota in order to eliminate errors along with minimizing the variability in the manufacturing procedure (Azis and Osada, 2010). Implementation of the six sigma process has contributed in ensuring minimization of the defects and enhancing the quality of products. Six Sigma is method which uses a metrics based on standard deviation (Tannock, Balogun and Hawisa, 2007). The major objective of the Six Sigma is to develop a world class organizational culture for supporting the manufacturing process where the variation will be minimized (Chiarini, 2013). 3.6. Supply Chain Management Supply chain management is considered to be one of the crucial factors for ensuring operational excellence in the business organization. Effective supply chain management contributes in enhancing the organizational efficiency followed by achievement of organizational objectives. Presently, the market can be characterized through prevalence of modern technologies and competition (Towill, 2006). It has been observed that the changes in the external business environment have led to significant changes in the organization so that the business firm can efficiently respond to the changing needs of the customers. With increased level of globalization along with customer orientation, business firms are becoming more informed decision Toyota maker with lot of alternatives. Supply chain of Toyota includes the material suppliers, distribution service and the customers. It means that the supply chain system indicates the flow of the materials along with the feedback flow of the information (Towi ll, 2007). The success of Toyota can be attributed to various manufacturing philosophy of the company. It has been focused on the cost reduction through elimination of waste. Just in Time approach, lean manufacturing system has been the major aspects of Toyota Production System which has made it more efficient. The concept of value addition has been included in the lean manufacturing chain. It has allowed the company to identify waste in the value chain which can b eliminated for enhancing the quality. The supply chain management of Toyota has majorly focused on the resources having critical significant. It has been observed that Toyota has developed Keiretsu structure which was comprised of the dependent suppliers which have been working with Toyota in a close proximity. Toyota has outsourced some parts which were found to be non critical for optimizing the value of the shareholder. Toyota has been able to develop such supply chain as the suppliers were relatively dependent on those in the intensely competitive market. The company has developed an assembly based system which is based on the JIT approach and demand pull, which has a significant association with the suppliers (Yang and Yang, 2012). It has been observed that implementation of these approaches and philosophies have helped in innovation and development of a customized supply chain (Lander and Liker, 2007). Effective cost and quality control along with innovation has helped Toyota in achievement of operational excellenc e. Additionally, customer value was maximized through the operational activities of the company (Toyota Australia, 2015). 4. Conclusion Highly competitive global automobile industry as well as scarcity of resource has leaded to development of an innovative and effective manufacturing system which is very flexible and responds to the changing need of the customers. The operations management system of Toyota has helped in reducing cost and improved the overall production system. From the above sections, it can be implied that the Toyota production system is customer focused for achieving competitive advantage. It has been found that extensive emphasis has been given on the employee empowerment and quality control. The major aim of the Toyota Production System is minimize defect and reduce cost of production. Toyota has already achieved higher productivity through implementation of different operational management approaches. Adoption of the lean manufacturing system has focused on elimination of waste, minimization of defects and declined the lead time. Toyota has been able to develop an organizational culture of efficiency and employees are empowered to solve problems during the manufacturing process. It has been observed that adoption of this approach assisted Toyota in innovation of its product along with maintenance of high quality through the objective of continuous improvement. Implementation of Just in Time approach has helped in maintain low inventory and declined the cost. Adoption of JIT has emphasized on scheduling material. The principal aim of the production system in Toyota is to offer superior quality product to the customers at the lowest possible cost. At each production stage, the concept of production has incorporated quality. JIt approach helps the organization in obtaining the right information regarding demand and the production is designed accordingly. The successful supply chain management of Toyota has also contributed in achieving operational excellence. 5. References Adler, (2002). Flexibility versus efficiency? A case study of model changeovers in the Toyota production system.International Abstracts in Operations Research. Amasaka, K. (2002). New JIT: A new management technology principle at Toyota.International Journal of Production Economics, 80(2), pp.135-144. Amasaka, K. (2009). An intellectual development production hyper-cycle model new JIT fundamentals and applications in Toyota.IJCENT, 1(1), p.103. Amasaka, K. (2014). New JIT, New Management Technology Principle: Surpassing JIT.Procedia Technology, 16, pp.1135-1145. AMASAKA, K. (2009). THE FOUNDATION FOR ADVANCING THE TOYOTA PRODUCTION SYSTEM UTILIZING NEW JIT.Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Systems, 08(01), pp.5-26. AMASAKA, K. and SAKAI, H. (2010). EVOLUTION OF TPS FUNDAMENTALS UTILIZING NEW JIT STRATEGY: PROPOSAL AND VALIDITY OF ADVANCED TPS AT TOYOTA.Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Systems, 09(02), pp.85-99. Azis, Y. and Osada, H. (2010). Innovation in management system by Six Sigma: an empirical study of world class companies.Lean Six Sigma Journal, 1(3), pp.172-190. Berk, E. and Toy, A. (2009). Quality control chart design under Jidoka.Naval Research Logistics, 56(5), pp.465-477. Chiarini, A. (2013). Relationships between total quality management and Six Sigma inside European manufacturing companies: a dedicated survey.IJPQM, 11(2), p.179. Chun Wu, Y. (2003). Lean manufacturing: a perspective of lean suppliers.Int Jrnl of Op Prod Mnagemnt, 23(11), pp.1349-1376. de Bucourt, M., Busse, R., Gttler, F., Wintzer, C., Collettini, F., Kloeters, C., Hamm, B. and Teichgrber, U. (2011). Lean manufacturing and Toyota Production System terminology applied to the procurement of vascular stents in interventional radiology.Insights Imaging, 2(4), pp.415-423. Fang, S. and Kleiner, B. (2003). Excellence at Toyota motor manufacturing in the United States.Management Research News, 26(2/3/4), pp.116-122. Gaither, N. and Frazier, G. (2002).Operations management. Australia: South-Western/Thomson Learning. Greasley, A. (2008).Operations management. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications. Heizer, J. and Render, B. (2001).Operations management. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Jayaram, J., Das, A. and Nicolae, M. (2010). Looking beyond the obvious: Unraveling the Toyota production system.International Journal of Production Economics, 128(1), pp.280-291. Kumar, S. and Suresh, N. (2009).Operations management. New Delhi: New Age International. Lander, E. and Liker, J. (2007). The Toyota Production System and art: making highly customized and creative products the Toyota way.International Journal of Production Research, 45(16), pp.3681-3698. Lee, B. and Jo, H. (2007). The mutation of the Toyota Production System: adapting the TPS at Hyundai Motor Company.International Journal of Production Research, 45(16), pp.3665-3679. Li, J. (2013). Continuous improvement at Toyota manufacturing plant: applications of production systems engineering methods.International Journal of Production Research, 51(23-24), pp.7235-7249. Murray, L. (2012). Kaizen usage to drive continuous improvement.CFW Plexus, (AACCI 2012 Annual Meeting). Osagie, S. (2009). Lean everywhere [lean manufacturing].Engineering Technology, 4(4), pp.66-67. SAKAI, H. and AMASAKA, K. (2006). TPS-LAS MODEL USING PROCESS LAYOUT CAE SYSTEM AT TOYOTA: ADVANCED TPS , KEY TO GLOBAL PRODUCTION STRATEGY NEW JIT.Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Systems, 05(02), pp.127-140. Saruta, M. (2006). Toyota Production Systems: The Toyota Way and LabourManagement Relations.Asian Bus Manage, 5(4), pp.487-506. Slack, N., Chambers, S. and Johnston, R. (2010).Operations management. Harlow, England: Financial Times Prentice Hall. Society of Manufacturing Engineers, (2001). Manufacturing insights: an introduction to lean manufacturing.Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 20(1), p.70. Stevenson, W. (2005).Operations management. Boston: McGraw-Hill. Tannock, J., Balogun, O. and Hawisa, H. (2007). A variation management system supporting six sigma.Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 18(5), pp.561-575. Towill, D. (2006). Handshakes around the world [Toyota production system].Manufacturing Engineer, 85(1), pp.20-25. Towill, D. (2007). Exploiting the DNA of the Toyota Production System.International Journal of Production Research, 45(16), pp.3619-3637. Towill, D. (2010). Industrial engineering the Toyota Production System.Journal of Management History, 16(3), pp.327-345. Towill, D. (2010). Industrial engineering the Toyota Production System.Journal of Management History, 16(3), pp.327-345. Toyota Australia, (2015).Toyota Production System. [online] Available at: https://www.toyota.com.au/toyota/company/operations/toyota-production-system [Accessed 7 Mar. 2015]. Toyota-global.com, (2015).Toyota Global Site | Production System. [online] Available at: https://www.toyota-global.com/company/vision_philosophy/toyota_production_system/ [Accessed 7 Mar. 2015]. Yang, C. and Yang, K. (2012). An Integrated Model of the Toyota Production System with Total Quality Management and People Factors.Hum. Factors Man., 23(5), pp.450-461. Yazdani, B. (1995). Toyota production system: An integrated approach to Just-In-Time.Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems, 8(3), pp.230-231.